OPT, CPT and STEM OPT: Working While Studying and After Graduation

Immigration » F-1 and J-1 visas » OPT, CPT and STEM OPT

Students on F-1 status can work only with specific authorization. The main options are curricular practical training, optional practical training and the STEM extension.

Curricular Practical Training (CPT)

Work that is an integral part of the curriculum, such as an internship or co-op.
Authorized by the school, and recorded on the I-20 before you start.
Generally available after one academic year of study, with exceptions for some graduate programs.
Full-time CPT of one year or more can affect eligibility for OPT.

Post-completion OPT

Up to 12 months of work related to the degree after completion of the program.
Requires an Employment Authorization Document from USCIS. Do not start work until you have it and the start date has arrived.
A limited number of days of unemployment are allowed. Keep reporting to the school.

STEM OPT extension

An additional 24 months for degrees in designated STEM fields.
The employer must be enrolled in E-Verify and must sign a training plan.
The student must report changes of job, address and employer information to the school.

Planning to H-1B and green card

OPT and the STEM extension give time to be selected in the H-1B lottery and, if selected, cap-gap protection can extend work authorization. See H-1B registration and cap-gap rules.

Common mistakes

Working before the card arrives or the start date.
Exceeding allowed unemployment days.
Not reporting a job change to the school.
Traveling without the right documents during OPT.

Rules and programs change, so we confirm the current requirements with you.

F-1 and J-1 visas guide

How our firm helps with student and exchange visas

We review your program, funding and plans, and prepare you for a visa interview.
We guide you on OPT, CPT and STEM OPT so work authorization is used correctly.
We help you fix status problems, including reinstatement.
We assess the J-1 two-year rule early and handle waivers when they are needed.

Situations we handle

Students graduating and seeking work
Students who fell out of status
J-1 researchers subject to the home residency rule
Students moving to H-1B

Why clients choose our firm

A Texas-licensed attorney serving immigration clients in all 50 states.
Russian-language service for clients and families.
Clear communication and updates through our client portal.
A full review of your history before anything is filed, so problems are caught early.
Organized filings and representation through interviews, requests for evidence and appeals.

Get help with f-1 and j-1 visas

Every case has its own facts. Request a consultation and we will review your situation, options and timeline.

This page is general information, not legal advice, and reading it does not create an attorney-client relationship. Immigration rules, policies and fees change often. Last updated: November 2026.